The study assessed the scope, magnitude and impact of DNS abuse and provided input for possible policy measures. Malicious activities on the DNS have been a frequent and serious issue for years, affecting online security, causing harm to users and third parties and undermining trust in the Internet. Therefore, combining DNA barcoding with HRM analysis is a powerful method for identifying different species within the same genus, which could be used for quality control of raw materials in the functional food/medicinal plant industry.Domain Name System (DNS) abuse is any activity that makes use of domain names or the DNS protocol to carry out harmful or illegal activity. We applied this protocol to commercially available Ilex accessions and consistently identified the correct species for all 15 accessions tested. The marker trnS UGA-psbZ produced clear melting patterns and distinct melting curve profiles for the four Ilex species using HRM analysis. Kim, from wild populations in southwestern Korea.
We optimized and validated the utility of PCR-based HRM coupled with microsatellite markers to discriminate among the four Ilex species, Ilex integra Thunb., Ilex rotunda Thunb., Ilex cornuta Lindl. Here, using concatenated and aligned complete chloroplast genomes of different Ilex species, we conducted a sliding window analysis to identify regions of high nucleotide diversity ( Pi). Combining DNA barcoding with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis represents a robust strategy for species discrimination, as demonstrated in recent DNA barcoding studies. The precise identification of different species within the Ilex genus would greatly facilitate authentication and certification as well as forest resource monitoring in plantations.
Ilex species are important sources of high-quality raw plant materials for the production of drugs and functional foods.
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